Happiness is a crucial determinant of health and well-being. It is defined as the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of life positively. In 2023, Lithuania was ranked as the happiest country for individuals under 30 years, while Denmark held the top position for those over 60. Nepal ranked 93rd in life evaluation, whereas Finland was ranked first globally. Recognizing the significance of happiness, the United Nations declared March 20th as International Happiness Day in 2012, with the first celebration held in 2013. This day aims to raise awareness and promote happiness, contributing to both national and global peace. As celebrations grow in popularity, people find simple ways to participate. However, significant disparities in happiness levels persist due to various factors such as knowledge, emotions, behavior, workload, family conflicts, ambition, liberalization, inequality, poverty, war, political instability, crime, and global competition.

Factors Affecting Happiness

Knowledge: Many prioritize work, wealth, and material assets, assuming these will bring happiness. However, dissatisfaction with life can persist despite financial success. Health literacy and an understanding of one’s well-being are essential for positive mental, physical, and social health. Unfortunately, people often neglect their health, leading to unhappiness.

Emotions: Negative emotions have increased, especially among women. Overthinking the past and excessive sensitivity to family and workplace issues can worsen emotional health and impact overall happiness.

Behavior: Some people openly express negativity or behave rudely, leading to personal and social unhappiness.

Overwork: The pursuit of financial success often leads people to overwork at the expense of their physical and mental well-being, resulting in stress and frustration.

Family Conflicts: A happy family life fosters productivity and longevity. However, misunderstandings and poor communication within families or communities can create unhappiness when there is a lack of mutual respect and compromise.

Ambition: While ambition drives success, excessive ambition can cause dissatisfaction and stress, preventing individuals from enjoying their achievements.

Liberalization: Political and social liberalization can sometimes lead to conflicts, as differing ideologies may create societal divides and unhappiness.

Social Comparison: Comparing oneself to neighbors or peers regarding wealth, property, or education often results in frustration and dissatisfaction.

Parental Pressure: Parents comparing their children’s achievements to others can lead to stress and diminished happiness.

Economic Inequality: The gap between the rich and the poor and disparities between urban and rural communities significantly contribute to unhappiness.

War and Conflict: Physical harm, fear, and social disruptions caused by war reduce overall happiness levels.

Political Instability: Uncertainty about the future due to political instability can cause widespread unhappiness.

Crime and Corruption: A lack of trust in governance and unfair opportunities creates frustration and societal unhappiness.

Global Competition: Economic competition, trade disputes, and international conflicts affect people’s sense of security and happiness.

Pathways to Happiness

Despite these challenges, happiness can be achieved through various means. While some individuals derive happiness from financial success, others find joy in education, social recognition, career achievements, or helping others. The theme for this year’s International Day of Happiness, ‘Caring and Sharing,’ underscores a powerful approach to achieving happiness. Four key methods include:

Wealth and Property: Financial security can bring comfort, but it does not guarantee long-term happiness.

Material Assets: Luxury items may provide temporary joy but do not ensure fulfillment.

Business and Career: Professional success can contribute to happiness but also brings responsibilities and stress.

Helping Others: True happiness often stems from supporting those in need, such as marginalized communities and underprivileged individuals.

A Novel Approach: Caring and Sharing

One of the most effective ways to cultivate happiness is through caring for others. Family care, community involvement, and sharing resources at local, national, and global levels foster happiness. Key components of this approach include:

1. Building strong relationships based on mutual understanding and kindness.

2. Sharing experiences and opportunities to foster emotional and social well-being.

3. Actively engaging in social initiatives to create a positive impact.

4. Using technology effectively to promote connection and well-being.

By embracing a culture of caring and sharing, individuals and communities can enhance overall life satisfaction and achieve lasting happiness.

Dr Dhital is currently working at Home in Place as a Post Doctoral Research Officer, Australia and at Concern Centre for Rural Youth, Nepal as a  Public Health Advisor.